![]() ![]() Primiparity: a history of one completed pregnancy that reached beyond 20 weeks' gestation or ended with a birth weight of > 500 g.Nulliparity: no history of a completed pregnancy that reached beyond 20 weeks' gestation or ended with a birth weight of > 500 g.Parity: the number of pregnancies that a woman carries beyond 20 weeks of gestation and ends with the birth of an infant weighing > 500 g.Multigravidity: history of two or more pregnancies.Primigravidity: history of one pregnancy.Nulligravidity: no history of pregnancy.Gravidity: the number of times a woman has been pregnant, regardless of pregnancy outcome.Gravidity, parity, and duration of pregnancy See also “ Prenatal care” and “ Maternal complications during pregnancy.” Definitions Regular check-ups should be performed to detect potential high-risk pregnancies as well as fetal and maternal complications. Women experience several physiological changes during pregnancy (e.g., increased plasma volume, venous stasis, increased insulin secretion, increased oxygen demand), which can lead to symptoms and conditions that may require treatment (e.g., peripheral edema, insulin resistance, hypercoagulability, dyspnea). Ultrasound is also used to determine the gestational age and date of delivery. Pregnancy can be confirmed definitively via positive serum or urine hCG tests and detection of the embryo on ultrasound. Preconception counseling assists in the planning of pregnancy through education and risk assessment to help ensure best possible outcomes. Presumptive signs of pregnancy include amenorrhea, nausea and vomiting, and breast enlargement and tenderness. The duration of pregnancy is counted in weeks of gestation from the first day of the last menstrual period and on average lasts 40 weeks. ![]() Pregnancy begins with the fertilization of the ovum and its subsequent implantation into the uterine wall. ![]()
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